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© Elke Wetzig · CC BY-SA 4.0

St. Petrus Canisius

Catholic parish church in Cologne's Buchforst district, built in 1930/31 by Wilhelm Riphahn and Caspar Maria Grod as the centrepiece of the Weiße Stadt housing estate and one of the few Cologne churches in the Bauhaus style.

St. Petrus Canisius is a Roman Catholic parish church in Cologne's Buchforst district and counts among the first Catholic churches built in the sober idiom of Modernism. As one of the few churches in Cologne executed in the Bauhaus style, it was raised in 1930/31 as the centrepiece of the Weiße Stadt housing estate.

At a Glance

Building type
basilica in the New Building (Neues Bauen) style
Architects
Wilhelm Riphahn and Caspar Maria Grod
Year built
1930/1931, consecrated on 15 February 1931
District
Cologne-Buchforst (formerly Kalkerfeld)
Dedication
the Jesuit Petrus Canisius
Style
Modernism / Bauhaus (Neues Bauen)
Denomination
Roman Catholic
Heritage status
listed since 12 April 1983 (Cologne monument list, no. 1402)
Did you know?

The twelve-metre cross with a tiara atop the tower had to be temporarily removed in 2009 because its mountings had rusted through.

Things to do here

  • View the Bauhaus design of the tower, round-arched loggia and window grids from outside
  • Look at Wilhelm de Graaff's figurative stained-glass windows depicting scenes from the life of Petrus Canisius
  • Experience the column-free church hall with its ceiling extending into the apse
  • Discover the church as part of a walk through the heritage Weiße Stadt housing estate
  • Listen to the five-bell peal from 1957

History

The church was conceived as the central building of the estate planned from 1926 onward, among others by the non-profit housing company GAG, in the Buchforst area then still called Kalkerfeld. For the first time, Riphahn and Grod could design a church in harmony with the surrounding residential architecture. A first design was rejected by the church authorities; only the second version, in the forms of the New Building yet with references to traditional church architecture, was carried out. The consecration took place on 15 February 1931. Much of the church was destroyed between 1942 and 1944. During the 1948 reconstruction by Gottfried and Dominikus Böhm the apse windows were omitted and their niches walled up. In 1992 Maria Schwarz redesigned the interior and parts of the furnishings. The formerly independent parish was merged in 2006 into the new parish of St. Mauritius Köln-Buchheim/Buchforst.

© HOWI - Horsch, Willy · CC BY 3.0

Architecture

The principles of the New Building appear in the way the structure concentrates on the essential liturgical functions. The church, which is not oriented to the east, follows the form of a traditional basilica: a raised nave with an apse is flanked by single-storey aisles. On the entrance side, a projecting loggia with five round arches leads into the porch, from which the square tower rises with only a slight lateral offset; the ancillary buildings of the chancel merge into the estate housing. Inside, sturdy concrete beams running lengthwise leave the large hall free of columns. Originally the raised altar area was brightly lit by apse windows, and the walls were painted by Heinrich Hoerle in graded shades of blue; in the post-war church the niches are walled up and the apse plainly plastered, with light entering through two lateral stained-glass windows. All the windows are composed of grids of small square openings, a pattern that also articulates the tower surfaces. The tower, once rendered white, is now clad in Eternit panels.

© Kameister · CC BY-SA 4.0

Furnishings

The original apse windows followed a design by Franz Wilhelm Seiwert but were not replaced during reconstruction. The stained-glass windows newly created in 1957 by Wilhelm de Graaff are largely figurative: the aisle windows show scenes from the life of Petrus Canisius, in reds and greens on the north-west side and blues on the south-east, while the surviving chancel windows depict the twelve Apostles. Surviving pre-war pieces include the tabernacle by Eduard Schmitz and two statues by Josef Reimann from 1937. As a tower crown, Heribert Calleen created a twelve-metre cross with a tiara in 1962, which had to be temporarily removed in April 2009 after its mountings had rusted through. Maria Schwarz designed the tabernacle stele, ambo and altar table in 1992. The two-manual organ with 28 stops was built by Willi Peter in 1968. The three bells cast in 1930 were destroyed in the war; the present five-bell peal was cast in 1957 by Wolfgang Hausen Mabilon.

© Kameister · CC BY-SA 4.0

Timeline

  1. 1926
    Planning of the housing estate begins in what was then Kalkerfeld, among others by the GAG
  2. 1930
    Construction of the church to designs by Wilhelm Riphahn and Caspar Maria Grod
  3. 1931
    Consecration of the church on 15 February
  4. 1942
    War-time destruction of the church begins
  5. 1948
    Reconstruction by Gottfried and Dominikus Böhm without the apse windows
  6. 1957
    New stained-glass windows by Wilhelm de Graaff and a new five-bell peal
  7. 1962
    Heribert Calleen creates the twelve-metre cross with tiara as the tower crown
  8. 1983
    Added to Cologne's monument list under number 1402
  9. 1992
    Redesign of the interior and parts of the furnishings by Maria Schwarz
  10. 2006
    Parish merged into St. Mauritius Köln-Buchheim/Buchforst

Gallery

© Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
© Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
© Raimond Spekking · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
© Chris06 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
© Chris06 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons
© Chris06 · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Commons

Map

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